A simplified protocol to determine total fluoride concentration in NaF/silica-based toothpastes

Aim: To determine total fluoride (TF) concentration in Na2FPO3/Ca-based toothpastes, using fluoride ion selective electrode (F-ISE) by the direct technique, it is necessary to use acid (Ac+) to hydrolyze the FPO32- ion and to dissolve insoluble fluoride salts bound to the abrasive. For NaF/silica-based toothpastes, the use of acid is not necessary (Ac-) and a simplified protocol could be followed. Methods: Thus, we evaluated TF concentration in seven brands of NaF/silica-based toothpastes, following the validated conventional Cury's protocol (Ac+) or a simplification of this protocol (Ac-).Fluoride was analyzed with ISE calibrated with fluoride standard solutions prepared in the same conditions as the samples (Ac+ or Ac-). Results: The mean (±SD; n=21) of TF concentrations (µg F/g) found by Ac+ (971.3±191.2) and Ac- (982.4±201.3) protocols were not statistically different (t test, p=0.22). The TF concentrations found agree with those declared by the manufacturers, except for one toothpaste imported from China. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the determination of fluoride in NaF/silica-based toothpastes can be accurately made using a simplified protocol of analysis

Manejo de conducta no convencional en niños: hipnosis, musicoterapia, distracción audiovisual y aromaterapia: revisión sistemática / Unconventional behavior management in children: Hypnosis, music therapy, audiovisual distraction and aromatherapy: A systematic review

Objetivos: Conocer técnicas de apoyo no convencionales para el manejo de conducta en niños. Esta revisión se realizó mediante revistas indexadas de los últimos 10 años. A pesar que las técnicas tradicionales utilizadas en odontopediatría pueden ser satisfactorias, en la actualidad existe controversia sobre el uso de algunas de ellas. El rechazo por parte de los padres, así como las diversas implicaciones éticas y legales han llevado a que se revalúen muchas actitudes y técnicas, especialmente aquellas de tipo aversivo, lo cual ha conducido a intensificar la investigación en este campo con el fin de buscar nuevas alternativas. La musicoterapia es un tipo de sugestión en la que el niño es animado a la fantasía, evocando sentimientos placenteros para el paciente llevándolo a un estado de relajación. Con la aromaterapia se crea un ambiente cálido para el paciente, volviéndolo menos predispuestos a sentir dolor, disminuye su ansiedad y está más complacido con el servicio. En la distracción audiovisual (técnica que dio mejores resultados) la concentración de los niños, auditiva y visual, queda atrapada en la película que estén viendo desconectándose parcialmente del ambiente odontológico. Se concluye, que son necesarias nuevas técnicas en el manejo de conducta del paciente pediátrico que deben estar acordes a los avances tecnológicos de nuestra era y que promuevan la salud.

Objectives: To know the unconventional support techniques for managing children behavior. This review was performed by indexed journals over the past 10 years. Although traditional techniques used in dentistry may be satisfactory, there is currently controversy over the use of some of them. The rejection by the parents as well as various legal and ethical implications has result in reassess many attitudes and techniques, especially those of aversive type. This has led to intensify research in this field in order to search for new alternatives. Music therapy is a kind of suggestion in which the child is encouraged to fantasy, evoking pleasant feelings for the patient taking it to a state of relaxation. The use of aromatherapy creates a warm atmosphere for the patient, making it less likely to feel pain, reduces anxiety and is more pleased with the service. In the audiovisual distraction n (technique that gave better results) the concentration of the children, auditory and which promote health.